SpaceXAI · Memphis, Tennessee

Colossus 1

425MW

The power of 350,000 US homes.

Drawing power since Aug 2024. Projected to reach 442 MW by Jul 2025.

Capital cost
$12.9B
Chips
H100, H200, B200
Users
Anthropic
Energy
MLGW
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Power over time

facility power · 13 milestones
Every milestone
  1. 24 Apr 2024 — Construction starts with a road added on site, retrofitting a former Electrolux building.
  2. 11 Aug 2024 45 MW First significant/useful training workload on 25k H100s.
  3. 2 Sep 2024 181 MW 100k H100s online.
  4. 17 Feb 2025 361 MW 150k H100s and 50k H200s online. This is roughly when Musk said, plus on this date they reported "running jobs with 150K+ GPUs".
  5. 6 Mar 2025 361 MW Second substation almost connected (red cables)
  6. 22 Jul 2025 442 MW 30k B200s added (in GB200 configuration).
  7. 17 Sep 2025 348 MW Third substation looks completed, but it doesn't appear to be connected to the building yet. Some air-cooled chillers removed, while large cooling towers are added.
  8. 19 Oct 2025 348 MW There is still construction visible in the third substation yard and next to the new cooling towers.
  9. 7 Nov 2025 442 MW Third substation was expected to power the building in Fall.
  10. 11 Feb 2026 425 MW All air-cooled chillers have been disconnected and/or removed from the site, leaving only the cooling towers for cooling. The third substation looks complete, with red cables connected to the building.
  11. 6 May 2026 425 MW Anthropic announces their agreement with SpaceX to use all of the compute capacity at Colossus 1. They state that this corresponds to more than 300 MW (presumably IT power) and over 220,000 GPUs. This is slightly different to previous reports adding up to 230,000 GPUs, but still roughly consistent with our estimates.
  12. 1 Jun 2026 425 MW We assume that Anthropic has started using Colossus 1 now, since the announcement said they would get access to 300 MW "within the month" of May.
  13. 15 Jun 2026 425 MW No major changes to the data center since February. Solar panels have been placed next to the facility.

Nuclear made 41% of the power on this site's grid

net generation by fuel · Oct 2025 to Sep 2026

Tennessee Valley Authority TVA · balancing authority

  1. Gas 33%
  2. Coal 16%
  3. Nuclear 41%
  4. Wind 0%
  5. Solar 2%
  6. Hydro 7%
  7. Other <1%

The grid of the utilities that serve Shelby County, TN. Each grid is a balancing authority. Generation only; imports are excluded. Every grid behind an AI site.

Owners plan 16 MW of new power in Shelby County, all solar

power plants in Shelby County · EIA-860M, September 2026
  1. SR Shelby Solar · 10 MW · Dec 2027 · proposed · SR Shelby, LLC
  2. SR Shelby II, LLC Solar · 6 MW · Feb 2028 · proposed · SR Shelby II, LLC

In service in Shelby County today: 1.6 GW. Since January 2023: 225 MW added, 502 MW retired. A plant in the same county does not mean it feeds the site. Power plants near every AI site.

Sources

selected by Epoch AI
  1. May 2025 Electricity Provider Disclosure
  2. July 2025 Permit for Gas Turbines
  3. Southern Environmental Law Center Gas Permit Appeal, with additional satellite images
  4. Disclosure on X (formerly Twitter) by Elon Musk of the breakdown of GPUs
  5. Anthropic announcement

Data: Epoch AI, “AI data centers”, CC BY 4.0, retrieved 22 Oct 2026. Facility power adds cooling and other overhead to the IT power the servers draw. Placed at the centre of Memphis. Grid: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Hourly Electric Grid Monitor (Form EIA-930), public domain, retrieved 16 Oct 2026; utilities by county from Form EIA-861 and the U.S. Census Bureau Geocoder, public domain. Power plants: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860M, public domain, inventory as of September 2026. All sources.